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[hal-02989071] Gestion forestière intégrée des insectes ravageurs : exemple par l’étude de la niche écologique du hanneton forestier (Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. 1801)

12 August 2021

Depuis une dizaine d’années, nous observons une recrudescence de dégâts imputables au hanneton forestier (Melolontha hippocastani) dans différentes forêts françaises. Ils consomment les racines et causent la mort des semis et plants forestiers et sont suspectés d’être un facteur supplémentaire de dépérissement forestier. Dans ce cadre, trois études ont été mises en œuvre dans les forêts des Vosges du Nord, en 2014, 2018 et 2019. Cet article cherche à synthétiser les résultats obtenus. Il apparaît que les sols sableux sont les plus favorables à l’espèce. Par ailleurs, le couvert dense de la strate arbustive basse induit des effets négatifs sur la ponte des œufs. D’autre part, les peuplements mélangés (feuillus-résineux) à prépondérance de chênes sont les plus favorables à un grand nombre de pontes et de larves dans le sol. Enfin, l’ouverture de la cano- pée semble jouer un rôle positif sur le choix du lieu de ponte. Nous discutons en fin d’article sur les règles sylvicoles pouvant être préconisées.